
# fAIth

Landor Associates, London

### Gartner Hype Cycle

There are three types of lies: lies, damned lies and statistics

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There are three types of lies: lies, damned lies and statistics

Benjamin Disraeli

There are three types of lies: lies, damned lies and statistics

Benjamin Disraeli 1804-1881

There are three types of lies: lies, damned lies and ‘big data’

Neil Lawrence 1972-?

### What is Machine Learning?

$\text{data} + \text{model} \xrightarrow{\text{compute}} \text{prediction}$

• data : observations, could be actively or passively acquired (meta-data).
• model : assumptions, based on previous experience (other data! transfer learning etc), or beliefs about the regularities of the universe. Inductive bias.
• prediction : an action to be taken or a categorization or a quality score.

### What is Machine Learning?

$\text{data} + \text{model} \xrightarrow{\text{compute}} \text{prediction}$

• To combine data with a model need:
• a prediction function $\mappingFunction (\cdot)$ includes our beliefs about the regularities of the universe
• an objective function $\errorFunction (\cdot)$ defines the cost of misprediction.

### Machine Learning

• Driver of two different domains:
1. Data Science: arises from the fact that we now capture data by happenstance.
2. Artificial Intelligence: emulation of human behaviour.
• Connection: Internet of Things

### Machine Learning

• Driver of two different domains:
1. Data Science: arises from the fact that we now capture data by happenstance.
2. Artificial Intelligence: emulation of human behaviour.
• Connection: Internet of Things

### Machine Learning

• Driver of two different domains:
1. Data Science: arises from the fact that we now capture data by happenstance.
2. Artificial Intelligence: emulation of human behaviour.
• Connection: Internet of People
Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (1981/1/28)

### What does Machine Learning do?

• ML Automates through Data
• Strongly related to statistics.
• Field underpins revolution in data science and AI
• With AI:
• logic, robotics, computer vision, speech
• With Data Science:
• databases, data mining, statistics, visualization

### Embodiment Factors

 compute $\approx 100 \text{ gigaflops}$ $\approx 16 \text{ petaflops}$ communicate $1 \text{ gigbit/s}$ $100 \text{ bit/s}$ (compute/communicate) $10^{4}$ $10^{14}$

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### Societal Effects

• This phenomenon has already revolutionised biology.
• Large scale data acquisition and distribution.
• Transcriptomics, genomics, epigenomics, ‘rich phenomics’.
• Great promise for personalized health.

### Societal Effects

• Automated decision making within the computer based only on the data.
• Subjective biases need to be better understood.
• Particularly important where treatments are being prescribed.
• Interventions could be far more subtle.

### Societal Effects

• Shift in dynamic:
• from direct human-data to indirect human-computer-data
• modern data analysis is mediated by the machine
• This change of dynamics gives us the modern and emerging domain of data science

### Faith and AI

1. Artificial Intelligence as Cartoon Religion
2. Artificial Intelligence and Introspection
3. Independence of thought and Control: A Systemic Catch 22

### Singularianism: AI as Cartoon Religion

1. Superintelligence as god
2. Demi-god status achievable through transhumanism
4. The day of judgement as the “singularity”

### Singularians

• Removing the bandwidth limitation: removing our humanity?

{In Singularianism doomsday is the ‘technological singularity’, the moment at which computers rapidly outstrip our capabilities and take over our world. The high priests are the scientists, and the aim is to bring about the latter while restraining the former.

• Singularianism and religion equivalent to scientology and science?

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You can see a review of this book in this

### Artificial Intelligence and Introspection

• Religion at its most powerful contextualizes us
• Creating artificial systems described as intelligence also contextualises us

### The Digital Catch 22

For a system to watch over us it first has to watch us

### Conclusion

• Overview of AI and ML
• Embodiment Factors
• Narrative as a mode of communication
• Relations between Faith and AI

### Thanks!

Bostrom, N., 2014. Superintelligence: Paths, dangers, strategies, 1st ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

Lawrence, N.D., 2017. Living together: Mind and machine intelligence. arXiv.