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What is AI and What are the Implications of Advances in AI for Religion?

Neil D. Lawrence

AI - Ethical and Religious Perspectives, Jesus College, Cambridge

What is Machine Learning?

\[ \text{data} + \text{model} \xrightarrow{\text{compute}} \text{prediction}\]

  • data : observations, could be actively or passively acquired (meta-data).
  • model : assumptions, based on previous experience (other data! transfer learning etc), or beliefs about the regularities of the universe. Inductive bias.
  • prediction : an action to be taken or a categorization or a quality score.

What is Machine Learning?

\[\text{data} + \text{model} \xrightarrow{\text{compute}} \text{prediction}\]

  • To combine data with a model need:
  • a prediction function \(\mappingFunction (\cdot)\) includes our beliefs about the regularities of the universe
  • an objective function \(\errorFunction (\cdot)\) defines the cost of misprediction.

Embodiment Factors
compute \[\approx 100 \text{ gigaflops}\] \[\approx 16 \text{ petaflops}\]
communicate \[1 \text{ gigbit/s}\] \[100 \text{ bit/s}\]
(compute/communicate) \[10^{4}\] \[10^{14}\]

See “Living Together: Mind and Machine Intelligence” Lawrence (2017)

.

Evolved Relationship

Evolved Relationship

Societal Effects

  • This phenomenon has already revolutionised biology.
    • Large scale data acquisition and distribution.
    • Transcriptomics, genomics, epigenomics, ‘rich phenomics’.
  • Great promise for personalized health.

Societal Effects

  • Automated decision making within the computer based only on the data.
  • Subjective biases need to be better understood.
  • Particularly important where treatments are being prescribed.
    • Interventions could be far more subtle.

Societal Effects

  • Shift in dynamic:
    • from direct human-data to indirect human-computer-data
    • modern data analysis is mediated by the machine
  • This change of dynamics gives us the modern and emerging domain of data science

–>

Human Communication

For sale: baby shoes, never worn

Heider and Simmel (1944)

Thanks!

References

Lawrence, N.D., 2017. Living together: Mind and machine intelligence. arXiv.